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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Design effect ： ウィキペディア英語版 Design effect In statistics, the design effect (or estimates of unit variance) is an adjustment used in some kinds of studies, such as cluster randomised trials, to allow for the design structure. The adjustment inflates the variance of parameter estimates, and therefore their standard errors, which is necessary to allow for correlations among clusters of observations. It is similar to the variance inflation factor and is used in sample size calculations. The term was introduced by Leslie Kish in 1965. ==Definition== For a cluster randomised trial with ''m'' observations in each cluster and intra-cluster correlation of $\backslash rho$, the design effect. ''D''eff, is given by:〔Bland, M (2005), ("Cluster randomised trials in the medical literature" ), Notes for talks, York Univ〕 :$D\_\backslash text\; =\; 1\; +\; (m\; -\; 1)\; \backslash rho\; .$ Formally, the design effect is the ratio of two theoretical variances for an estimator:〔〔Everitt, B.S. (2002) ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics'', 2nd Edition. CUP. ISBN 0-521-81099-X 〕 : *the actual variance for a given sampling design; : *the variance assuming the same sample size, but using simple random sampling without replacement. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Design effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.